NEEMP features several functionalities, each of those can be selected by the option --mode or -m combined with one of the following keywords:

info : display information about the training set

cover : display how many molecules are covered by the given parameters set

charges : calculate EEM charges

cross : perform cross-validation

params : calculate EEM parameters (due to its complexity and relevance this mode is treated on a separate section)

Info (-m info)

The first mode shows information about the training set provided as argument to the --sdf-file option. Specifically, number of molecules, the total number of atoms and number of atoms for each type are printed; the latter being defined by default as the chemical element and the maximum bond order. To override this behaviour in all NEEMP's modes and group the atoms only by chemical element, use the option --atom-types-by Element. Figure 1 displays the output for set01 in the examples directory, with default grouping, specified by ElemBond keyword (for details on the syntax, see the examples or option list paragraph).

**Figure 1:** Information on training set *examples/set01.sdf*. **NB:** Information about the execution time and the percentage of loaded molecules is issued as well.

Cover (-m cover)

**Figure 2:** Percentage of molecules in set *examples/set02.sdf* covered by the displayed parameters set *examples/Element.par*

To see how many molecules from the set are covered by the provided parameters, simply pass NEEMP those two files (options --sdf-file and --par-file). Figure 2 shows a close-up from the cover mode output for set02.sdf and the parameters set Element.par, both present in the examples directory (for details on the syntax and the complete output, see the examples section).

Charges (-m charges)

**Figure 3:** The percentage of covered molecules in the set is extremely low because of the absence of parameters for C1. All the molecules containing this atom types are automatically discarded.

To compute EEM charges with NEEMP, it is necessary to provide the SDF file with molecules for which the charges will be computed (option --sdf-file) and the PAR file with EEM parameters (option --par-file). EEM charges will be written into the file specified by --chg-out-file option.

NEEMP checks if the matrix is well-conditioned (note that this won't apply for GNU version) by estimating its condition number. If its reciprocal is lower than WARN_MIN_RCOND defined in config.h, warning about possible bad charges for a particular molecule is issued.

The user should keep in mind that, because of the EEM method itself, the EEM charges cannot be computed for elements or element types for which the parameters are missing. This situation is well depicted by Figure 3, where a modified version of the parameters set examples/ElemBond.par lacking the parameters for C1 (carbon presenting only single bonds), has been employed to compute the EEM charges for the set examples/set01.sdf (for details on the syntax and the complete output, see the examples section).

Cross-validation (-m cross)